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Selleck Chemicals ipa 3
Ipa 3, supplied by Selleck Chemicals, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 94/100, based on 56 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/product/ipa+3/IPA-3/pmc12741398-38-5-7
Average 94 stars, based on 56 article reviews

ipa 3 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-09

94/100 stars

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Article Title: Inhibition of malaria and babesiosis parasites by putative red blood cell targeting small molecules
Article Snippet: U0126 (380.5; 2) , MEK1 , Ser-Thr-Tyr Protein Kinase (MAPK) , Probe , HF; Cpd (a,d) , 32782246, 28679535, 21371233 , Sigma-Aldrich, Cat. No. 19-147 , 5.3 (0.9) , 3.9 (0.9) , 20. (6) , 30 (15). .. IPA-3 (350.5; 5.8) , PAK1 , Ser-Thr Protein Kinase (MAPK) , Probe , HF; Cpd (a,d) , 32782246, 28679535, 21371233 , Selleck Chemicals, Cat. No. S7093 , 5 (3) , 5 (2) , 4 (1.8)* , 15 (4). .. LY3214996 (453.6; 1.4) , ERK1 and ERK2 , Ser-Thr Protein Kinase (MAPK) , Phase I: NCT04033341 , HF (d) , 32782246, 28679535, 21371233 , Selleck Chemicals, Cat. No. S8534 , 5.2 (0.5) , 5.7 (0.3) , 6 (2) , 10 (10).

Article Title: β-adrenergic signaling modulates breast cancer cell mechanical behaviors through a RhoA-ROCK-myosin II axis
Article Snippet: To inhibit the activity of non-muscle myosin II we used (−)-blebbistatin (Selleckchem). .. Rho-associated protein kinases (ROCKs) were inhibited using Y27632 dihydrochloride (Y27632, Selleckchem) and glycyl-H 1152 dihydrochloride (g-H-1152, Tocris); myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) was inhibited using ML-7 hydrochloride (ML-7, Selleckchem); and p21 activated kinase 1 (PAK1) was inhibited using IPA-3 (Selleckchem). ..

Article Title: β-adrenergic signaling modulates breast cancer cell mechanical behaviors through a RhoA-ROCK-myosin II axis
Article Snippet: ML-7 hydrochloride , Selleckchem , Cat# S8388. .. IPA-3 , Selleckchem , Cat# S7093. .. Rho Activator II , Cytoskeleton , Cat# CN03-A.

Article Title: A GSTP1-mediated lactic acid signaling promotes tumorigenesis through the PPP oxidative branch
Article Snippet: .. For glucose starvation, media with normal glucose level were removed, cells washed twice with 1X PBS, and glucose-deprived media (final glucose level at 0.5 mM) with or without lactic acid added for 12 h. For kinase inhibitor treatments, cells were administered by the following: Dasatinib, 5 μM, 12 h, Selleck Chemicals; Ponasatinib, 5 μM, 12 h, Selleck Chemicals; Ruxolitinib 5 μM,12 h, Selleck Chemicals; IPA-3, 10 μM, 12 h, Selleck Chemicals; Crizatinib, 10 μM,12 h, Selleck Chemicals; Sorafenib Tosylate, 20 μM,12 h, Selleck Chemicals; Getifinib, 2 μM,12 h, Selleck Chemicals; AZD4547, 20 μM,12 h, Selleck Chemicals,NBHDEX, 5 μM or 10 μM, 12 h, MCE. ..

Article Title: Unveiling signaling pathways inducing MHC class II expression in neutrophils
Article Snippet: .. Ruxolitinib (JAK1/2 inhibitor, Cat. No. S1378), PD98059 (MEK1 inhibitor, Cat. No. S1177), trametinib (MEK1/2 inhibitor, Cat. No. S2673), wortmannin (PI3K inhibitor, Cat. No. S2758), neratinib (EGFR1/2 inhibitor, Cat. No. S2150), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor, Cat. No. S1105), IPA-3 (PAK1 inhibitor, Cat. No. S7093), BX-795 (PDK-1 inhibitor, Cat. No. S1274), MK-2206 (Akt1/2/3 inhibitor, Cat. No. S1078), BI-D1870 (RSK1-4 inhibitor, Cat. No. S2843), SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor, Cat. No. S1076), SCH772984 (ERK1/2 inhibitor, Cat. No. S7101), H89 (PKA inhibitor, Cat. No. S1582), PP242 (mTORC1/2 inhibitor, Cat. No. S2218), and rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor, Cat. No. S1039) were obtained from Selleckchem. .. SB747651A (MSK1 inhibitor, Cat. No. 4630) was obtained from Tocris.

Article Title: Rac1 GTPase Regulates the βTrCP-Mediated Proteolysis of YAP Independently of the LATS1/2 Kinases
Article Snippet: The mammalian proteases inhibitor cocktail was from Sigma–Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA), and the MBS mammalian transfection kit was from Agilent (Santa Clara, CA, USA). .. EHT-1864, NSC23766, U0126, LY294002, MRTX1133, Ehop-016, IPA-3, FRAX597, and IC-261 were obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). .. MG132 was purchased from Enzo Life Sciences (Farmingdale, NY, USA), dissolved in DMSO, and stored at −80 °C.

Article Title: A GSTP1-mediated lactic acid signaling promotes tumorigenesis through the PPP oxidative branch.
Article Snippet: .. For glucose starvation, media with normal glucose level were removed, cells washed twice with 1X PBS, and glucose-deprived media (final glucose level at 0.5 mM) with or without lactic acid added for 12 h. For kinase inhibitor treatments, cells were administered by the following: Dasatinib, 5 μM, 12 h, Selleck Chemicals; Ponasatinib, 5 μM, 12 h, Selleck Chemicals; Ruxolitinib 5 μM,12 h, Selleck Chemicals; IPA-3, 10 μM, 12 h, Selleck Chemicals; Crizatinib, 10 μM,12 h, Selleck Chemicals; Sorafenib Tosylate, 20 μM,12 h, Selleck Chemicals; Getifinib, 2 μM,12 h, Selleck Chemicals; AZD4547, 20 μM,12 h, Selleck Chemicals,NBHDEX, 5 μM or 10 μM, 12 h, MCE. ..

Article Title: Targeting PAK1 suppresses tumor progression by promoting mRNA decay of oncogenic factors and enhancing chemotherapeutic efficacy in colorectal cancer
Article Snippet: .. PF-309 (S7094, Selleck, China) and IPA-3 (S7093, Selleck, China) were dissolved in DMSO (BS087, Biosharp, China), aliquoted into 1.5 mL centrifugation tubes, and stored at −80 °C. .. OXA was procured from ApexBio Technology (A8648, ApexBio, USA).

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PAK1 expression is adversely associated with the overall survival of ovarian cancer patients. (A) Genetic alterations of PAK1 across different cancer types, as retrieved from the cBioPortal database. (B) PAK1 expression patterns across a variety of cancers. (C) Association between PAK1 expression levels and copy number variations. (D) Correlation of PAK1 expression with homologous recombination (HR) status. (E) Kaplan–Meier survival analysis comparing ovarian cancer patient outcomes with low ( n = 467) and high ( n = 188) PAK1 expression levels.

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: PAK1 inhibition synergistically enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancers

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101887

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAK1 expression is adversely associated with the overall survival of ovarian cancer patients. (A) Genetic alterations of PAK1 across different cancer types, as retrieved from the cBioPortal database. (B) PAK1 expression patterns across a variety of cancers. (C) Association between PAK1 expression levels and copy number variations. (D) Correlation of PAK1 expression with homologous recombination (HR) status. (E) Kaplan–Meier survival analysis comparing ovarian cancer patient outcomes with low ( n = 467) and high ( n = 188) PAK1 expression levels.

Article Snippet: Chlorodeoxyuridine (Cidu), 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine (Idu), and the PAK1 inhibitor IPA-3 were sourced from MedChemExpress, while the PARP inhibitor olaparib was acquired from TargetMol.

Techniques: Expressing, Homologous Recombination

PAK1 regulates homologous recombination (HR) repair and olaparib sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. (A, B) HR (A) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) (B) repair efficiencies in control and PAK1-depleted HEK293T cells, evaluated using HR and NHEJ reporter systems. Data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean from three independent experiments. (C) Western blotting analysis of PAK2 and PAK3 in control and PAK2/PAK3-depleted HEK293T cells. (D – G) HR (D, F) and NHEJ (E, G) repair efficiencies in control and PAK2/PAK3-depleted HEK293T cells, evaluated using HR and NHEJ reporter systems. (H, I) Cell cycle distribution in control and PAK1-depleted Ovcar8 cells, analyzed by flow cytometry. (J, K) RAD51 foci formation in Ovcar8 cells treated with 10 μM olaparib for 24 h: (J) representative images and (K) quantification. More than 200 cells were analyzed per experiment. (L, N) The survival of control or PAK1-depleted Ovcar8 (L) and SKOV-3 (N) cells, assessed by colony formation assay. (M, O) Phosphorylation of CHK1 in control or PAK1-depleted Ovcar8 (M) and SKOV-3 (O) cells, treated with 10 μM olaparib for 6 h. (P, Q) The survival of control, (P) PAK2-depleted, or (Q) PAK3-depleted Ovcar8 cells, assessed by colony formation assay. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean from three independent experiments. Scale bars = 50 μm.

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: PAK1 inhibition synergistically enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancers

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101887

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAK1 regulates homologous recombination (HR) repair and olaparib sensitivity in ovarian cancer cells. (A, B) HR (A) and non-homologous end-joining (NHEJ) (B) repair efficiencies in control and PAK1-depleted HEK293T cells, evaluated using HR and NHEJ reporter systems. Data were presented as mean ± standard error of the mean from three independent experiments. (C) Western blotting analysis of PAK2 and PAK3 in control and PAK2/PAK3-depleted HEK293T cells. (D – G) HR (D, F) and NHEJ (E, G) repair efficiencies in control and PAK2/PAK3-depleted HEK293T cells, evaluated using HR and NHEJ reporter systems. (H, I) Cell cycle distribution in control and PAK1-depleted Ovcar8 cells, analyzed by flow cytometry. (J, K) RAD51 foci formation in Ovcar8 cells treated with 10 μM olaparib for 24 h: (J) representative images and (K) quantification. More than 200 cells were analyzed per experiment. (L, N) The survival of control or PAK1-depleted Ovcar8 (L) and SKOV-3 (N) cells, assessed by colony formation assay. (M, O) Phosphorylation of CHK1 in control or PAK1-depleted Ovcar8 (M) and SKOV-3 (O) cells, treated with 10 μM olaparib for 6 h. (P, Q) The survival of control, (P) PAK2-depleted, or (Q) PAK3-depleted Ovcar8 cells, assessed by colony formation assay. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean from three independent experiments. Scale bars = 50 μm.

Techniques: Homologous Recombination, Non-Homologous End Joining, Control, Western Blot, Flow Cytometry, Colony Assay, Phospho-proteomics

PAK1 regulates homologous recombination (HR) repair and olaparib sensitivity dependent on its kinase activity. PAK1-depleted cells were transfected with wild-type PAK1 or the K299R kinase mutant for 24 h. (A) Western blotting analysis of PAK1 and CHK1 phosphorylation in transfected Ovcar8 cells treated with 10 μM olaparib for 6 h. (B) The survival of transfected Ovcar8 cells treated with different concentrations of olaparib for 2 weeks, assessed by colony formation assay. (C) HR activity in transfected HEK293T cells co-transfected with HR reporter plasmids, followed by HR assay after 48 h. (D, E) RAD51 foci formation in transfected Ovcar8 cells treated with 10 μM olaparib for 24 h: (D) representative images and (E) quantification. Over 200 cells were analyzed in each experiment. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean from three independent experiments.

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: PAK1 inhibition synergistically enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancers

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101887

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAK1 regulates homologous recombination (HR) repair and olaparib sensitivity dependent on its kinase activity. PAK1-depleted cells were transfected with wild-type PAK1 or the K299R kinase mutant for 24 h. (A) Western blotting analysis of PAK1 and CHK1 phosphorylation in transfected Ovcar8 cells treated with 10 μM olaparib for 6 h. (B) The survival of transfected Ovcar8 cells treated with different concentrations of olaparib for 2 weeks, assessed by colony formation assay. (C) HR activity in transfected HEK293T cells co-transfected with HR reporter plasmids, followed by HR assay after 48 h. (D, E) RAD51 foci formation in transfected Ovcar8 cells treated with 10 μM olaparib for 24 h: (D) representative images and (E) quantification. Over 200 cells were analyzed in each experiment. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean from three independent experiments.

Techniques: Homologous Recombination, Activity Assay, Transfection, Mutagenesis, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Colony Assay

PAK1 inhibition enhances the efficiency of olaparib in ovarian cancer cells. (A) Western blotting analysis of PAK1 and CHK1 phosphorylation in Ovcar8 cells treated with 10 μM olaparib, 10 μM IPA-3, or their combination for 6 h. (B) Homologous recombination (HR) efficiency in HEK293T cells transfected with HR reporter plasmids, treated with olaparib, IPA-3, or both, followed by HR assay. (C, D) RAD51 foci formation in Ovcar8 cells treated with olaparib, IPA-3, or their combination for 24 h: (C) representative images and (D) quantification. More than 200 cells were analyzed per experiment. (E, F) The survival of Ovcar8 (E) and SKOV-3 (F) cells treated with olaparib alone or in combination with IPA-3, assessed by colony formation assay. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed t -test, with P -values < 0.05 considered significant.

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: PAK1 inhibition synergistically enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancers

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101887

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAK1 inhibition enhances the efficiency of olaparib in ovarian cancer cells. (A) Western blotting analysis of PAK1 and CHK1 phosphorylation in Ovcar8 cells treated with 10 μM olaparib, 10 μM IPA-3, or their combination for 6 h. (B) Homologous recombination (HR) efficiency in HEK293T cells transfected with HR reporter plasmids, treated with olaparib, IPA-3, or both, followed by HR assay. (C, D) RAD51 foci formation in Ovcar8 cells treated with olaparib, IPA-3, or their combination for 24 h: (C) representative images and (D) quantification. More than 200 cells were analyzed per experiment. (E, F) The survival of Ovcar8 (E) and SKOV-3 (F) cells treated with olaparib alone or in combination with IPA-3, assessed by colony formation assay. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed t -test, with P -values < 0.05 considered significant.

Techniques: Inhibition, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Homologous Recombination, Transfection, Colony Assay, Two Tailed Test

$PAK1 inhibition promotes olaparib-induced replication stress and DNA damage. (A, B) DNA fiber assay for the length of CIdU (red) tracks in Ovcar8 cells treated with olaparib, IPA-3, or their combination for 6 h: (A) representative images and (B) quantification. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, analyzed by a two-tailed unpaired t -test. (C, D) Immunoblot analysis of chromatin and soluble fractions of Ovcar8 cells treated with olaparib, IPA-3, or both for 6 h, probing for the indicated antibodies (C), or IPOND (isolation of proteins on nascent DNA) analysis of RPA1 and RPA2 at replication forks (D). (E, F) γ-H2AX foci formation in Ovcar8 cells treated with olaparib, IPA-3, or their combination for 24 h: (E) representative images and (F) quantification. More than 100 cells were counted per experiment. (G) RNA sequencing analysis of Ovcar8 cells treated with olaparib and IPA-3. Differentially expressed genes were classified based on fold change ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.5, with P < 0.05. (H) Biological process analysis of up- and down-regulated genes in the combination treatment compared with IPA-3 alone. (I, J) GSEA of up- and down-regulated genes in the combination treatment compared with IPA-3 alone. (K) The heatmap displaying up-regulated genes associated with DNA repair. (L) The quantitative real-time PCR showed the up-regulated genes associated with DNA repair. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed t -test. Two-sided P -values < 0.05 were considered significant. Scale bars = 50 μm.$

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: PAK1 inhibition synergistically enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancers

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101887

Figure Lengend Snippet: PAK1 inhibition promotes olaparib-induced replication stress and DNA damage. (A, B) DNA fiber assay for the length of CIdU (red) tracks in Ovcar8 cells treated with olaparib, IPA-3, or their combination for 6 h: (A) representative images and (B) quantification. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, analyzed by a two-tailed unpaired t -test. (C, D) Immunoblot analysis of chromatin and soluble fractions of Ovcar8 cells treated with olaparib, IPA-3, or both for 6 h, probing for the indicated antibodies (C), or IPOND (isolation of proteins on nascent DNA) analysis of RPA1 and RPA2 at replication forks (D). (E, F) γ-H2AX foci formation in Ovcar8 cells treated with olaparib, IPA-3, or their combination for 24 h: (E) representative images and (F) quantification. More than 100 cells were counted per experiment. (G) RNA sequencing analysis of Ovcar8 cells treated with olaparib and IPA-3. Differentially expressed genes were classified based on fold change ≥ 1.5 or ≤ 0.5, with P < 0.05. (H) Biological process analysis of up- and down-regulated genes in the combination treatment compared with IPA-3 alone. (I, J) GSEA of up- and down-regulated genes in the combination treatment compared with IPA-3 alone. (K) The heatmap displaying up-regulated genes associated with DNA repair. (L) The quantitative real-time PCR showed the up-regulated genes associated with DNA repair. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean from three independent experiments. Statistical significance was determined by a two-tailed t -test. Two-sided P -values < 0.05 were considered significant. Scale bars = 50 μm.

Techniques: Inhibition, Standard Deviation, Two Tailed Test, Western Blot, Isolation, RNA Sequencing, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction

Combination of IPA-3 and olaparib synergistically suppresses ovarian cancer xenograft tumor growth. OVCAR8 and SKOV-3 cells were subcutaneously implanted into NOD-SCID mice, and the animals were treated with control (DMSO), IPA-3 (10 mg/kg), olaparib (50 mg/kg), or their combination (intraperitoneally, 3 days × 6 times). (A, B, L, M) Serum AST and ALT were measured for Ovcar8 (A, B) and SKOV-3 (L, M) xenografts. (C, D, N, O) Tumor images and growth curves for Ovcar8 (C, D) and SKOV-3 (N, O) xenografts. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean from five independent samples. Statistical significance was assessed by a two-tailed unpaired t -test. (E–K, P – V ) Hematoxylin-eosin, Ki-67, γ-H2AX, and cleaved caspase-3 staining in tumor tissues, evaluated by immunohistochemistry for Ovcar8 (E–K) and SKOV-3 (P–V) xenografts. Quantification is shown in the corresponding panels. Images of 10 random fields per section were analyzed using ImageJ software. Scale bars = 50 μm. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed t -test and two-way ANOVA. P -values < 0.05 were considered significant.

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: PAK1 inhibition synergistically enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancers

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101887

Figure Lengend Snippet: Combination of IPA-3 and olaparib synergistically suppresses ovarian cancer xenograft tumor growth. OVCAR8 and SKOV-3 cells were subcutaneously implanted into NOD-SCID mice, and the animals were treated with control (DMSO), IPA-3 (10 mg/kg), olaparib (50 mg/kg), or their combination (intraperitoneally, 3 days × 6 times). (A, B, L, M) Serum AST and ALT were measured for Ovcar8 (A, B) and SKOV-3 (L, M) xenografts. (C, D, N, O) Tumor images and growth curves for Ovcar8 (C, D) and SKOV-3 (N, O) xenografts. Data were expressed as mean ± standard error of the mean from five independent samples. Statistical significance was assessed by a two-tailed unpaired t -test. (E–K, P – V ) Hematoxylin-eosin, Ki-67, γ-H2AX, and cleaved caspase-3 staining in tumor tissues, evaluated by immunohistochemistry for Ovcar8 (E–K) and SKOV-3 (P–V) xenografts. Quantification is shown in the corresponding panels. Images of 10 random fields per section were analyzed using ImageJ software. Scale bars = 50 μm. Statistical analysis was performed using a two-tailed t -test and two-way ANOVA. P -values < 0.05 were considered significant.

Techniques: Control, Two Tailed Test, Staining, Immunohistochemistry, Software

Combination of IPA-3 and olaparib synergistically suppresses ovarian cancer cells' growth in patient-derived organoid and patient-derived xenograft models. (A, B, D, E) Ovarian cancer organoids were treated with IPA-3 (200 nM), olaparib (200 nM), or both for 3 days. Representative bright-field images and quantitative analysis are shown. (C, F) Western blotting analysis of CHK1 phosphorylation and cleaved caspase-3 in ovarian cancer organoids treated with IPA-3 (200 nM), olaparib (200 nM), or both for 3 days. (G, H) Patient-derived xenograft models were established by transplanting tumor tissues into 6-week-old female BALB/c nude mice. Mice were treated with DMSO, IPA-3 (10 mg/kg), olaparib (50 mg/kg), or their combination. Tumor images (G) and growth curves (H) are shown. (I–O) Immunohistochemical analysis of hematoxylin-eosin, cleaved caspase-3, γ-H2AX, and Ki-67 levels in tumor tissues. Quantification of staining is shown in (K), (M), and (O). Data were represented as mean ± standard deviation. Images of 10 random fields per section were recorded for analysis. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed t -test and a two-way ANOVA. P -values < 0.05 were considered significant. Scale bars = 50 μm.

Journal: Genes & Diseases

Article Title: PAK1 inhibition synergistically enhances the anti-tumor efficacy of PARP inhibitors in ovarian cancers

doi: 10.1016/j.gendis.2025.101887

Figure Lengend Snippet: Combination of IPA-3 and olaparib synergistically suppresses ovarian cancer cells' growth in patient-derived organoid and patient-derived xenograft models. (A, B, D, E) Ovarian cancer organoids were treated with IPA-3 (200 nM), olaparib (200 nM), or both for 3 days. Representative bright-field images and quantitative analysis are shown. (C, F) Western blotting analysis of CHK1 phosphorylation and cleaved caspase-3 in ovarian cancer organoids treated with IPA-3 (200 nM), olaparib (200 nM), or both for 3 days. (G, H) Patient-derived xenograft models were established by transplanting tumor tissues into 6-week-old female BALB/c nude mice. Mice were treated with DMSO, IPA-3 (10 mg/kg), olaparib (50 mg/kg), or their combination. Tumor images (G) and growth curves (H) are shown. (I–O) Immunohistochemical analysis of hematoxylin-eosin, cleaved caspase-3, γ-H2AX, and Ki-67 levels in tumor tissues. Quantification of staining is shown in (K), (M), and (O). Data were represented as mean ± standard deviation. Images of 10 random fields per section were recorded for analysis. Statistical significance was assessed using a two-tailed t -test and a two-way ANOVA. P -values < 0.05 were considered significant. Scale bars = 50 μm.

Techniques: Derivative Assay, Western Blot, Phospho-proteomics, Immunohistochemical staining, Staining, Standard Deviation, Two Tailed Test

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